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<text id=91TT0551>
<title>
Mar. 18, 1991: Soviet Union:Operation Steppe Shield?
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Mar. 18, 1991 A Moment To Savor
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 59
SOVIET UNION
Operation Steppe Shield?
</hdr><body>
<p>Washington is worried that a show of U.S. military muscle might
be needed if civil war engulfs the U.S.S.R.
</p>
<p> American intervention in a Soviet civil war? The thought
sounds even crazier than--oh, say, a suggestion last Aug. 1
that the U.S. might send half a million soldiers, sailors and
aviators to the Persian Gulf to fight a war against Iraq. But
around the Pentagon and the CIA, the question is by no means
dismissed out of hand: circumstances can be foreseen in which
the dilemma would at least need to be addressed.
</p>
<p> There is nothing farfetched about the idea that there might
be a civil war in the U.S.S.R. Senior American intelligence
officials believe there is a "very real" possibility of
widespread disorder; several analysts compare 1991 with 1917,
the year of the Bolshevik Revolution. A complete breakdown,
they fear, could happen with stunning rapidity, perhaps in only
10 to 20 days. Says an assessment drafted last week: "Labor
strikes in key sectors at the same time political and military
power is being fragmented by [secessionist moves on the part
of] republics, and even [individual] cities...could create
a sudden economic collapse which could cause civil unrest."
</p>
<p> Similar fears are being voiced in the U.S.S.R., and the
approach of a nationwide referendum on March 17 has done
nothing to ease them. President Mikhail Gorbachev is asking
citizens to vote yes or no on preserving the union; the
question is unsubtly worded virtually to demand a yes reply.
A Pravda editorial posed the choice as "Union or Chaos."
</p>
<p> Chaos seems likely in any case. Six of the 15 republics have
refused to take part; Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia have held
their own referendums, denounced as illegal by Gorbachev, in
which voters opted for independence by heavy margins. Other
republics have, without sanction, altered the question or
hooked others onto it. Citizens of the Russian republic will
decide whether to have a popularly elected President; if they
say yes, Boris Yeltsin could win a popular mandate that would
enable him to mount a stronger challenge than ever to
Gorbachev. The central government has announced that it will
not take no for an answer; if any republic returns a negative
majority, it still would not be permitted to secede. Radical
sociologist Boris Grushin writes that the referendum could
begin "a balancing act on the brink of civil war."
</p>
<p> As long as Gorbachev stays in power, George Bush will try
to work with him. But Administration officials worry about what
might happen if Gorbachev is replaced, or co-opted, by a
military junta. Suppose, for example, the new regime attempted
an outright conquest and occupation of the Baltics, which
called on the U.S. for help? Or suppose it not only repressed
internal dissidents but also canceled Gorbachev's plans to pull
remaining Soviet troops out of Eastern Europe?
</p>
<p> Some military and intelligence officers believe the U.S.
should send a strong signal to discourage Soviet backsliding
and ready plans in case it occurs. At a minimum, says National
Security Adviser Brent Scowcroft, "given...the turmoil in
the Soviet Union, this is not the time to decide that there's
a completely new era and a U.S. presence can be removed" from
Europe. Pentagon and CIA officials also have begun a careful
evaluation of plans to redeploy units from the gulf. Some
warships previously bound for home ports may be delayed.
Officials hint that ground troops normally based in Europe but
set to return to the U.S. will do so--but maybe not quite as
soon as they would hope.
</p>
<p>By George J. Church. Reported by Michael Duffy/Washington.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>